Doesn't "sci-fi" stand for science fiction?
Yes. Yes it does.
It seems to me that basic facts of science are not needed in
fiction.
Those stories are simply called "fiction". Star Trek and Star Wars I would classify as "science fantasy" because they treat technology as "magic".
True science fiction tends to stick closer to reality. While those stories can take liberties with technology ("we've discovered a way to do X!", or "we've found the math for doing Y!") that doesn't strictly fall into the realm of possibility, real sci-fi follows the implications of those things existing. Fantasy generally does not.
For example, Star Trek and Star Wars both have faster-than-light travel. Neither deal with the serious implications that would result from this kind of technology:
- It breaks causality. If you'd like me to do a basic writeup as to why, I understand this just well enough to give you an explanation that wouldn't just be a bunch of handwaving.
- Engines with that much power result in "planet crackers" -- anyone with access to that kind of engine could easily destroy an entire planet simply by aiming an engine at a planet from a large distance and letting it go, and this is going to seriously alter the cultures that survive in a universe where this is possible.
- The very structure of spacetime has to be altered or added to, and this means that brand new physics has to be created which is going to have technological and cultural effects on a large scale.
Science Fantasy doesn't really deal with the fallout of having technology be equivalent to magic; it's merely used as a plot convenience. This is why stories like Dune are much closer to Science Fiction -- there's some serious "magic" going on, but the capabilities that the technology results in have massive effects in the world the story takes place in.
Hard Science Fiction is science fiction that strictly follows our understanding of the physical laws of the universe. These stories are much more rare because for some reason, most hard sci-fi writers have a troubling time not writing boring, ponderous stories under these restrictions. It's weird because other genres, like mystery writers, don't have any problems at all and
they don't go breaking the laws of physics.
Hard Sci-Fi books generally have done a much better job being entertaining compared to what few hard sci-fi movies exist. The genre is just not taken seriously and we usually get crap. Or worse,
boring crap. Take a look at "Sunshine" -- this starts out as a hard sci-fi story that suddenly devolves into a really bad sci-fantasy with a bit of not-so-scary horror mixed in. They follow physics so closely for a lot of the film that it's really jarring when they suddenly throw all that out the window.
The only recent-ish good hard-sci-fi movie I can think of off the top of my head at the moment is Gattaca.
Could a team actually explore our own
solar system? In a story, of course. We currently have a team
exploring our own solar system and it takes decades. That
Mars rover launched a few days ago won't reach its planet
until August. Not quite as interesting as the fiction of sci-fi in
my opinion.
You're limiting yourself to our currently woefully-underfunded space program. It takes that long because NASA doesn't have a military-sized budget to create truly-efficient
and powerful space vehicles. This isn't a technology problem, it's a political and logistical issue.
The original Enterprise was on a seven-year mission. You could easily set that in our solar system with nuclear ion engines and real space physics. Outer-space is such an unforgiving environment that is so vastly different than our planet-bound, gravity-filled, atmosphere-surrounded existence that there are a
ton of stories you could tell. It makes me angry that no one is trying. Argh. Rar. Grr.
I am currently 87 pages (or so) into writing my own hard sci-fi script. I only push the limits of known physics in a tiny few places, and I'm not pushing that hard. If you read the script, you'd miss most of them, and the one big thing you'd latch onto as "not possible" is actually "very possible, and possibly probable".
I did my research.
If you're curious, I could send you the incomplete script if you'd like to see what I consider good and entertaining "hard sci-fi" that actually follows the known laws of physics.
Wow. Manifesto! See, this is what happens when you get me on a rant.