Wes Anderson uses an extreme wide lens on most of his shots that gives a lot of distortion in the picture. Not quite Fish-eye, but a lot of people consider it borderline.
As far as an actual fisheye with extreme distortion, nothing comes to right to mind.
Dready mentioned peepholes already, but here's a great anecdote.
Roman Polanski's "Repulsion" film has the girl looking through the peephole... obvious fish-eye look.
In reality, a camera of that size cannot shoot through such a tiny peephole. A fake door was created at a crazy scale. The peephole was actually a porthole taken from a boat, about two feet wide. The camera was then easily able to get everything into frame (including the face & upper chest of the person on the far side), while being able to "see" through the peephole... and a fisheye lens was used to sell the illusion.
Check out Requiem for a Dream....Labatique uses a fisheye in the party scene..its a quick scene with a fisheye and fast motion in an apartment....the best example I can think of.