I don't know about the countries you mentioned, but in Germany and Austria there are two kinds of "film schools". The first is similar to those in the US, I believe. There's no qualifying exam, you enroll, pay (a lot!) and go there for a couple of years.
You can, however, also study film at the university. The most prominent examples (in the German speaking countries) are the film academies in Vienna and Munich and those schools are far better;also, since those are university courses, there's no tuition fee, you have to, however, pass a qualifying exam; those schools normally don't accept more than 3 students per course.
In Austria probably 98% of all better known filmmakers come from the film academy Vienna, which is afaik the only school whose alumnis are treated with respect by studios, in addition to that, among others Michael Haneke and Christian Berger teach there, both Oscar nominees and two of the most prominent European filmmakers at the time.
As I've said already, I don't know about other European countries, but I guess that the situation there is similar.