Newbie Questions to be answered...

Hi,

I just have a few newbie questions that I never really figured out:

1) I noticed when I watch amateur short films on youtube, the camera shoots from different angles to add perspective to the film. I also notice it in big motion pictures. But the difference is when I see it the short films, it has some noise, then when you change the angle it has a high-pitched noise, and when you keep changing it, it changes pitches. What causes this? Is "moving the camera for different angles on the object" a method or technique in filmmaking? How do you prevent it?

2) I understand why actors need agents, but is it necessary for directors or screenwriters to have agents?

That's just a few questions, I'll post more as I think of them..

Thanks a lot
 
Another newb question:

1) I'm sure this is really simple technique or method to filmmakers... In any films, theres a part where person 1 is talking then it shows person 2's reaction but person 1's audio is still on. How do you do that?
 
But the difference is when I see it the <<amateur>> short films, it has some noise, then when you change the angle it has a high-pitched noise, and when you keep changing it, it changes pitches. What causes this?

Lousy soundwork. Simple as that. :)


is it necessary for directors or screenwriters to have agents?

Dunno about screenwriters, but many directors do.


a part where person 1 is talking then it shows person 2's reaction but person 1's audio is still on. How do you do that?

By using J & L cuts, while editing. (Since video & audio are on separate layers, you can cut short or extend whatever you want, in relation to the other, provided you have that coverage)
 
Hi,
1) I noticed when I watch amateur short films on youtube, the camera shoots from different angles to add perspective to the film. I also notice it in big motion pictures. But the difference is when I see it the short films, it has some noise, then when you change the angle it has a high-pitched noise, and when you keep changing it, it changes pitches. What causes this? Is "moving the camera for different angles on the object" a method or technique in filmmaking? How do you prevent it?
As Zen said, what causes this is poor audio work. You prevent this by
recording the audio better than those people posting their videos on
YouTube.

2) I understand why actors need agents, but is it necessary for directors or screenwriters to have agents?
Agents are the deal makers. Directors and screenwriters need agents
for exactly the same reason actors need agents. It's helpful for directors
and screenwriters to have an agent to make better deals for their
services.




1) I'm sure this is really simple technique or method to filmmakers... In any films, theres a part where person 1 is talking then it shows person 2's reaction but person 1's audio is still on. How do you do that?

Let's say for example the scene is two people sitting at a table talking.
The filmmaker will set up the camera on Person 1 and shoot the entire
scene - all of it - with both actors saying their lines. Then the filmmaker
will move the camera to the other side of the table and shoot the entire
scene again - this time on Person 2.

In the editing room the editor will the shot of Person 1 saying three lines.
Using the audio from that take - not cutting the audio at all. The editor
will then use a shot of Person 2 without any audio at all. It's put in while
the audio from the other shot (person 1) is still playing.

This also solves the problem in your first question.
 
Great, thank you very much, Zen and Director!

Just to clarify, Director, that there is only one camera used when you do this. (You move the camera after person 1 is shot and move to person 2) But when you move the camera and shoot the exact same scene (only on the 2nd person) what if person 1 and 2 say their lines slightly different than the first camera take. How would that work? I dont know if my question makes any sense..

I'll have to test out that audio quality and testing later. BTW, what editing programs do you use? For making short films, I am planning on using a Canon HG20 and Final cut express 4. Hopefully, if I can get really good at filmmaking, I will be able to get the Canon XH-A1...

Thanks guys!
 
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Just to clarify, Director, that there is only one camera used when you do this. (You move the camera after person 1 is shot and move to person 2) But when you move the camera and shoot the exact same scene (only on the 2nd person) what if person 1 and 2 say their lines slightly different than the first camera take. How would that work? I dont know if my question makes any sense..
Yes. One camera is used.

Actors will often deliver lines differently. You have a number of choices
when this happens. You can do another take and make sure the actor
says the line as written or when you are in editing you can decide which
line reading to use.

BTW, what editing programs do you use? For making short films, I am planning on using a Canon HG20 and Final cut express 4.
Both are fine for making movies. I've used the HG20 - it's a terrific camera -
and I've been a Final Cut user since it was first introduced. Express is excellent!

Here's a breakdown of how shooting a scene works:

Scene 22 is Bob and Mary sitting at a table - it’s three pages long. You will set
up the “Master Shot” - both people at the table, camera getting a head to
foot shot of both of them. On your slate you will write “Scene 22 - Take 1”

Scene 22 - This will be the entire scene from one angle. You do as many takes
as you feel you need. Again, shooting all three pages of dialogue.

Then you will move the camera to get Bob’s side of the table. Adjust the lights
and set up the dolly track. Again, you will shoot all three pages of the dialogue,
then you will “punch in” to get inserts and other coverage you might need. These
set-up requite only minor adjusting of the lights as you get closer.

Scene 22A - A slow dolly push in on Bob - from a full shot into a close up.
Scene 22B - Close up of Bob.
Scene 22C - Over Mary’s shoulder on Bob.
Scene 22D - an insert shot of Bob lighting a cigarette.
Scene 22E - a close up on Bob’s hand putting the cigarette in the ash tray.
Scene 22F - a close up of Bob taking the contract, looking at it and signing it (from
Mary’s point of view)

Now you do the same thing - this time from the other side of the table. This is a
major lighting and equipment change - moving the dolly and track, all the lights
and the crew.

Scene 22G - A slow dolly push in on Mary - from a full shot into a close up.
Scene 22H - Over Bob’s shoulder on Mary.
Scene 22J - Close up of Mary.
Scene 22K - an insert shot of Mary putting the contract on the table.
Scene 22L - a close up on Mary’s hand snuffing out the cigarette in the ash tray.
Scene 22M - a close up shot of Mary putting the contract on the table, putting a
pen on the contract and pushing it to the middle of the table.
Scene 22P - a close up of Bob taking the contract, looking at it and signing it (from
Bob’s point of view)

Another major lighting change. You want to do a dramatic, overhead shot of part
of the scene. You know you won’t be using much of this in the final scene so no
need to shoot the entire three pages.

Scene 22 R - start when Mary puts the contract on the table.
Scene 22 S - zoom in to get only the contract - follow all the business with the
contract.
Scene 22 T - while the camera is up there might as well get a shot of the two actors
sitting down at the table and then leaving the table. Who knows? You might want
to use it.

You continue this until you get all the coverage you need.

You will record sound for all the takes, too so you will have different audio takes
to choose from. You'd be surprised - many times I have used the audio of "Mary"
from 22J-take4 on her shot from 22H-take2 and it syncs up perfectly.
 
Thanks, Director, that's a lot of help.

You record every part of that scene from all angles, but you only include like a third of them, because you can't put all of them in, right?

You're right. you don't use every shot. you don't use every take. This
is called "coverage" - you give the editor plenty to chose from. You
"cover" the scene from many different angles and then you use
what's needed.

This is also called your "shooting ratio". A typical movie is shot using
a 5 or 6 to 1 shooting ratio. Most big budget films shoot a 15 or 20 to
1 ratio. I tend to shoot about 10 to 1. Meaning for every 10 minutes of
video I shoot I use 1 minute. On my typical features I shoot 15 hours
of video and cut that down to 90 minutes.
 
I noticed when I watch amateur short films on youtube, the camera shoots from different angles to add perspective to the film. I also notice it in big motion pictures. But the difference is when I see it the short films, it has some noise, then when you change the angle it has a high-pitched noise, and when you keep changing it, it changes pitches. What causes this? Is "moving the camera for different angles on the object" a method or technique in filmmaking? How do you prevent it?

As has been said, inattention to the production sound.

Actors will often deliver lines differently. You have a number of choices when this happens. You can do another take and make sure the actor says the line as written or when you are in editing you can decide which line reading to use.

This is what dialog editing is all about.


I do audio post production, primarily for indie films. Most of my work is trying to save horrible production sound. Many indie filmmakers get so excited when they finally get to shooting picture they forget that the project started with a script, and a script is the verbal interaction between the characters. Doesn't it make sense to properly capture the dialog?

I no longer do production sound work; it always annoyed me that the director would spend three hours setting up a shot, and not even give me even five minutes to get the sound right. They would get upset when I wanted to wait for a plane to go by.

As a rule of thumb, every minute and every dollar you invest in capturing quality production sound will save you ten in audio post.

"Sound is half of the experience."
 
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