In "Gosford Park" directed by Robert Altman the actors playing the "downstairs" servants/staff wore very little make-up, whereas the actors playing the "upstairs" rich/titled folks wore the usual movie make-up.
My significant other is a make-up artist... so she'd most likely explain it better than I could... she'd also most likely not just give you a link...
My favorite thing about makeup is that it removes the shine that lights cause on a person's skin. That shine is not nice looking on camera. Other than that, you can use it to make someone look better or worse by highlighting and shading...
I don't know these terms... I think the shine removal is enough to always use it...