If it was created by someone and broadcast by someone it's copyrighted. If you take a photo and print the picture, that is now copyrighted by you. Pretty much, if someone created something, video, photo, etc. , you have to have their permission to use it wether you see a copyright symbol or not.
If my kids were in the play "Wizard of Oz" and you play that video on your TV while shooting a horror film or creepy guy character watching it, you better have permission from the production company to show it or you're getting sued and I'll own all your master tapes and any digital coppies on the PC or other means.
Point blank. If you do not have permission to show it, then do not show it, no matter what it is.
Here's the law:
102. Subject matter of copyright: In general
(a) Copyright protection subsists, in accordance with this title, in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, now known or later developed, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated, either directly or with the aid of a machine or device. Works of authorship include the following categories:
(1) literary works;
(2) musical works, including any accompanying words;
(3) dramatic works, including any accompanying music;
(4) pantomimes and choreographic works;
(5) pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works;
(6) motion pictures and other audiovisual works;
(7) sound recordings; and
(8) architectural works.
Not only is it a criminal act, you can be sued civilly as well.
Why risk it. For me, it's not worth prison, fines, and all that. Just put on something that is owned by you or get permission. That's it.
No your character can't be watching the Bears play the Vikings, because it copyrighted by the NFL.
No you can't show hockey because it's copyrighted by the NHL
No you can't show a play because it's copyrighted by the production company. Wether it was a school play or a full on production, it's copyrighted.
You cannot include photos on the tv that you didn't take yourself unless you have permission by the photographer.
No you can't have one note of music from your favorite song unless you have permission.
If you do not have permission then it's not legal fo you to use it, no matter what.
That also includes the maker of the TV. So if it's a Sony TV, you better cover up the word Sony because you don't have their permission to show their name in your movie either. Their name is TradeMarked.
Get something that you have permission to use or change the scene so you can't SEE the TV screen. Ask the filmmakers here if you can use their films for your TV scenes.
All you need is permission to show the flic within your flic... you can use the 5 min Documentary I did. and I'm sure there's other filmmakers here that would allow you to use their stuff too.... All you have to do is ask.